Understanding the Language of Your AV Gear
A signal protocol is the "language" that devices use to encode and transmit audio and video information over a cable. Matching protocols is essential for compatibility and getting the best possible quality.
Digital Signal Protocols
- HDMI: The all-in-one digital standard, carrying uncompressed HD video and multi-channel audio over a single cable.
- DVI: A digital video standard primarily for computers that carries a high-quality video signal, but typically no audio.
- SDI: A professional standard for transmitting uncompressed digital video over long distances, common in broadcast studios.
- S/PDIF: A consumer digital audio format transmitted over either a coaxial (RCA) or fibre-optic (TOSLINK) cable.
Analogue Signal Protocols
- Component (Y/Pb/Pr): A high-quality analogue video signal that separates brightness from two colour signals, requiring three cables.
- RGB: The original "component video" used for computer displays, separating the signal into Red, Green, and Blue channels.
- S-Video (Y/C): Offers better quality than composite by separating the brightness (Y) and colour (C) information onto two lines.
- Composite Video: The most basic analogue standard, combining all video information into a single signal on one wire.
- RF (Radio Frequency): The signal from a TV antenna or analogue cable line, which combines video and audio and must be decoded by a tuner.
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